• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Thermoelectric solar module. The present invention describes a thermoelectric solar module for the production of electrical energy, comprising an upper plate (10) with a black upper surface (11), a thermal reservoir (13), a plurality of connected thermoelectric parts (1) electrically from each other and arranged at a certain distance, a plurality of bars (5, 6) for heat transfer, a heat sink (12), where said elements are thermally isolated from the outside by means of a filling (4), allowing alternating the direction of the heat transfer flux during the day with respect to the night, and thus taking advantage of the thermal gradient generated by solar irradiance during the day and radioactive cooling at night, producing a stable day and night energy. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2819049A1
    申请号:ES201930899
    申请日:2019-10-11
    公开日:2021-04-14
    发明作者:Fernández José Antonio Moreno；Barquilla Mónica Sánchez；Gonzalo Eduardo Oliva
    申请人:Heat Energia Paneles Dia Y Noche S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] The present invention refers to a thermoelectric solar module that allows a production of electrical energy both during the day and at night through daytime solar irradiance and nighttime radiative cooling. More particularly, the present invention describes an upper plate with an upper surface of black color and a lower thermal reservoir of water, where by means of a configuration of elements for heat transmission and thermoelectric elements for electricity generation, it allows to generate a daytime and nighttime temperature gradient, allowing the corresponding cold focus and hot focus to alternate.
    [0008] More specifically, by means of a significant specific heat of the thermal reservoir, and by the effect of nighttime radiative cooling in the upper plate, the thermal reservoir that heats up during the day becomes the hot spot at night, while the aluminum plate cools, thus generating a stable and constant electrical energy production both during the day and at night.
    [0010] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0012] Some solar panels such as photovoltaic or thermal ones to heat hot water are widely known in the state of the art. One of the main disadvantages is the variable nature of solar irradiation in seasonal, monthly, daily and intraday terms. There are limitations due to the schedule of solar irradiance, so that the capture of this energy is diurnal, and presents a bell-like Gaussian curve. The great disadvantage of solar energy is that one of the times of greatest energy demand is precisely when there is no solar radiation: at night.
    [0014] Consequently, it is necessary to provide storage systems, such as batteries, which are charged with daytime energy surpluses for subsequent night-time generation, adapting to demand. Batteries have relatively high costs, and in general, have a lower useful life than solar panels, so they must be replaced during their useful life, increasing technical complexity, labor, as well as damaging profitability and the amortization of the invention.
    [0015] Another known technology is solar panels to heat sanitary hot water for domestic use, to heat swimming pools, etc. These panels have large thermally insulated containers to store and keep hot water overnight. This technology does not allow direct electricity generation for other uses.
    [0017] There is some background on the use of thermoelectric materials from solar radiation, but in no case do they achieve a substantially stable electrical power production at night.
    [0019] Likewise, some antecedents are known in relation to the use of the effect of radiative cooling at the energy level and for architectural sustainability. However, the yields obtained by exclusively taking advantage of this effect are deficient, with yields and consequently very poor energy production during the night.
    [0021] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0023] The present invention aims to solve some of the problems mentioned in the state of the art.
    [0025] More in particular, the present invention discloses a thermoelectric solar panel comprising an interior filling of a thermal insulating material, and further comprising:
    [0026] - a plurality of thermoelectric pieces electrically connected to each other by a cable, where each piece in turn comprises an upper face and a lower face, said thermoelectric pieces thermally insulated from each other by the filling,
    [0027] - a plurality of upper bars of a thermally conductive material, where each upper bar is in direct contact with the upper face of each piece, thermally insulated from each other by the filling,
    [0028] - a plurality of lower bars of a thermally conductive material, where each lower bar is in direct contact with the lower face of each piece, isolated from each other by the filling, - a plurality of thin plates of an electrical insulating and thermally conductive material, comprising upper plates in direct contact at the top with the upper bars and lower plates in direct contact at the bottom with the lower bars,
    [0029] - an upper plate of a thermally conductive material in direct contact with the upper plates comprising a black upper surface,
    [0030] - a heat sink in direct contact with the bottom plates, and
    [0031] - a thermal reservoir of a fluid comprising water in direct contact with the heat sink, and externally surrounded by the filling.
    [0033] The thermoelectric solar module described allows the upper plate to be heated by solar irradiance during the day, and being black, refraction is avoided and the capture of radiation of different wavelengths is increased, increasing its heat absorption.
    [0035] Consequently, during the day said upper plate represents a hot source, and the thermal reservoir a cold source, which through the lower bars and upper bars generate a diurnal temperature gradient for thermoelectric generation by means of the thermoelectric parts.
    [0037] At night, as temperatures drop and by convection cooling, the upper plate due to its low specific heat with respect to the thermal reservoir will cool much more quickly. Additionally, since the upper plate is black, it will emit radiation by radiative cooling, especially on cloudless nights, further enhancing its night-time cooling. Fundamentally, at temperatures close to room temperature the top plate will emit radiation at wavelengths longer than visible light such as infrared radiation. When the upper plate is at higher temperatures, close to the maximum temperature, at the beginning of the night, it will emit more energy, cooling more quickly.
    [0039] Consequently, the thermal reservoir with a significant specific heat with respect to the upper plate, heated throughout the day by solar irradiance absorbed by the upper plate in the form of heat, becomes the hot spot for the night period, reversing the direction of heat transmission, thus generating a temperature gradient throughout the night until the water dissipates heat and returns to room temperature at the beginning of the day, where the direction of heat transmission is reversed.
    [0041] Said temperature gradient between the upper plate and the thermal reservoir is transferred by the upper and lower bars and is used to generate electrical energy by the thermoelectric parts.
    [0043] The upper plate can be made of aluminum with its upper surface painted black, since aluminum has good thermal conductivity. Also, the upper plate of Aluminum can be 0.1 - 5 mm thick to generate a suitable temperature gradient and optimal nighttime thermal emission for cooling.
    [0045] Preferably, the thermoelectric pieces are spaced 5 to 20 times their respective width apart. More preferably, said spacing is on the order of 10 to 15 times its width. In this way, the thermoelectric generator has a low temperature conduction allowing a more stable electrical production.
    [0047] Likewise, the thermoelectric pieces can have a width of 1-10 mm, said width being more preferably between 1-5 mm. Said thermoelectric pieces can have a configuration with a height less than the width, this being of the order of 1 to 10 mm.
    [0049] With this configuration, dimensions and spacing of the thermoelectrics, an optimal heat flow is maintained through said thermoelectrics to generate adequate electrical power. In addition, the configuration allows to maintain adequate heat conduction between the heatsink and the top plate in contact with the outside, so that the thermal reservoir does not heat up too quickly during the day or cool down too quickly at night.
    [0051] In addition, thermoelectrics are distributed to require the minimum thickness of the aluminum surface.
    [0053] Preferably, the plurality of thermoelectric pieces comprises bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ).
    [0055] The upper bars and the lower bars can be made of aluminum, which represents a material with good thermal conductivity.
    [0057] Likewise, thin plates can have mica as a material, since mica is an excellent thermal conductor and electrical insulator. Said thin plates can have a thickness of the order of 0.1 - 1 mm. More preferably, they have a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm.
    [0059] The heat sink may comprise a plurality of fins to control how the electrical generation via the thermoelectric parts interacts with respect to the heat reservoir. Preferably, said heatsink is made of aluminum.
    [0060] All of the above - including the thermal reservoir - must be encapsulated and surrounded by the thermal insulating pad to be thermally isolated from the outside. Said thermal insulator can be expanded polystyrene. Alternatively, the padding can be extruded polystyrene.
    [0062] The thermal reservoir can also comprise an antifreeze, and have a height of 3 to 20 cm. The length of the thermal reservoir depends on the number of thermoelectric pieces arranged in the module, therefore, it will also depend on the area of incident energy on the upper aluminum plate.
    [0064] The thermoelectric solar module described above is capable of producing up to 10-20 W per square meter of solar collection surface.
    [0066] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0068] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    [0070] Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the interior of a thermoelectric solar module showing the plurality of Bi 2 Te 3 thermoelectric pieces, the plurality of lower and upper aluminum bars, and the thin mica bars .
    [0072] Figure 2.- Shows an exploded view of the preferred embodiment of figure 1 of the thermoelectric solar module where the upper aluminum plate and the heat sink are shown.
    [0074] Figure 3.- Shows an interior section view of the preferred embodiment described by figure 2, where the heat sink is shown in direct contact with a thermal reservoir of water, as well as the arrangement of the aluminum bars and the thermoelectric parts. .
    [0076] Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view of the preferred embodiment, where it is shown that all the elements are thermally isolated by the filling except for the upper aluminum plate that represents the solar collection surface.
    [0077] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0079] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the interior of a thermoelectric solar module, where it is clearly shown that said module comprises inside a plurality of thermoelectric pieces (1) of bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ), electrically connected to each other by a copper cable (C), where each piece (1) in turn comprises an upper face (2) and a lower face (3).
    [0081] Said pieces (1) according to the preferred embodiment described, have a rectangular prism-type configuration with a width of 2 mm and a height of 1 mm, separated longitudinally and transversely by a distance of 3 cm.
    [0083] Likewise, figure 1 also shows a plurality of upper bars (5) of aluminum, where each upper bar (5) is in direct contact with the upper face (2) of each thermoelectric part (1).
    [0085] Furthermore, as shown in figure 1, the module comprises, below and in direct contact with the lower face (3) of the thermoelectric pieces (1), a plurality of lower aluminum bars (6).
    [0087] Each aluminum bar, according to the preferred embodiment described, has a height of 4.5mm and a cross section of 2 x 2mm.
    [0089] Figure 1 also shows a plurality of thin mica plates (8,9), due to their electrical insulating properties and good thermal conductor. Said plates (8,9) comprise upper plates (8) and lower plates (9) where the upper plates are in direct contact with the upper aluminum bars (5) and the lower bars (9) are in direct contact. with the lower bars (6).
    [0091] Figure 2 shows a schematic exploded view of the module according to the preferred embodiment described above, where it is shown that all of the above, except for the thin plates (8,9), is covered by a thermal insulating pad (4) comprising expanded polystyrene.
    [0092] Likewise, figure 2 also shows that the module comprises an upper aluminum plate (10) with a black upper surface (11), which defines the solar energy collection area. Said upper aluminum plate (10) has a thickness of 1 mm.
    [0094] In direct contact with the lower plates (9) an aluminum heat sink (12) is arranged, comprising a plurality of fins, in order to regulate the heat transmission with the thermoelectric parts (1).
    [0096] Figure 3 shows one of an interior section of the solar module, where it is clearly shown that the heat sink (12) is in direct contact with a thermal reservoir (13) of water. More in particular, said thermal reservoir (13) of water in direct contact with the fins of the heat sink (13).
    [0098] Figure 4 shows that all of the above described, with the exception of the upper aluminum plate (10), is covered by the filling (4) to isolate the thermoelectric solar module from thermal losses with the outside.
    [0100] The thermoelectric solar module described above for a preferred embodiment, allows the upper aluminum plate (10) to be heated by solar irradiance during the day, and the black color of the upper surface (11) allows avoiding refraction and increasing uptake. of solar radiation of different wavelengths, increasing heat absorption.
    [0102] Consequently, during the day said upper plate (10) represents a hot source, and the thermal reservoir (13) a cold source, and by means of the lower bars (6) and the upper bars (5) a diurnal temperature gradient is generated. for thermoelectric generation by means of thermoelectric parts (1).
    [0104] At night, by radiative cooling and by convection of the surrounding night air, the upper plate will cool rapidly. Consequently, the thermal reservoir (13) of water with a significantly higher specific heat, after being heated throughout the day by solar irradiance absorbed by the upper plate (10), becomes the hot spot for the night period, reversing the direction of heat transmission, thus generating a temperature gradient throughout the night until the water dissipates heat and returns to room temperature at the beginning of the day, when the direction of heat transmission is reversed again.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. - Thermoelectric solar module comprising a filling (4) of a thermal insulating material, and also comprising:
    - a plurality of thermoelectric pieces (1) electrically connected to each other by a cable (C), where each piece (1) in turn comprises an upper face (2) and a lower face (3), said pieces (1) isolated thermally to each other by the padding (4),
    - a plurality of upper bars (5) of a thermally conductive material, where each upper bar (5) is in direct contact with the upper face (2) of each piece (1), thermally insulated from each other by the padding (4) ,
    - a plurality of lower bars (6) of a thermally conductive material, where each lower bar (6) is in direct contact with the lower face (3) of each piece (1), isolated from each other by the filling (4),
    - A plurality of thin plates (8,9) of an electrical insulating and thermally conductive material, comprising upper plates (8) in direct contact above the upper bars (5) and lower plates (9) in direct contact below with the lower bars (6),
    - an upper plate (10) of a thermally conductive material in direct contact with the upper plates (8) comprising a black upper surface (11),
    - a heat sink (12) in direct contact with the lower plates (9), and
    - A thermal reservoir (13) of a fluid comprising water in direct contact with the heat sink (12), and externally surrounded by the filling (4).
    [2]
    2. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, where the thermoelectric pieces comprise a constant width (W) and are separated from each other at a distance of between 5 to 20 times said width (W).
    [3]
    3. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 2, in which the thermoelectric pieces (1) comprise a width (w) of between 1-10 mm.
    [4]
    4. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 3, in which the thermoelectric pieces have a rectangular prism-type configuration with a height of 1-10 mm.
    [5]
    5. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric pieces (1) comprise bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ).
    [6]
    6. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, in which the upper bars (5) and the lower bars (6) are made of aluminum.
    [7]
    Thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, in which the thin plates (8,9) have a thickness of 0.1-1 mm.
    [8]
    8. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 7, in which the thin plates (8,9) are made of mica.
    [9]
    9. The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, wherein the upper plate (10) is made of aluminum.
    [10]
    10. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, wherein the heat sink (12) comprises a plurality of fins.
    [11]
    11. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 10, wherein the heat sink (12) is made of aluminum.
    [12]
    12. The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, wherein the fluid in the thermal reservoir (13) further comprises an antifreeze.
    [13]
    13. - The thermoelectric solar module of claim 1, wherein the filling (4) is expanded polystyrene.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPS6267888A|1985-09-20|1987-03-27|Saamobonitsuku:Kk|Thermoelectric power generation device|
    US20110048489A1|2009-09-01|2011-03-03|Gabriel Karim M|Combined thermoelectric/photovoltaic device for high heat flux applications and method of making the same|
    US20130269743A1|2010-12-24|2013-10-17|Kenichi Tajima|Thermoelectric power generation module|
    KR20170022631A|2015-08-21|2017-03-02|주식회사 브리콘|Integated electricity generating system using solar energy|
    US20180302022A1|2015-09-11|2018-10-18|Boly Media Communications Co., Ltd.|Integrated solar energy utilization apparatus and system|
    法律状态:
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